ABSTRACT
Background: An increase in the frequency of resistant strains to antifungal drugs has been detected in the last decade. Aim: To report the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) to amphotericin B, fluconazole, ketoconazole and itraconazole. To compare the MIC obtained with 80 percent and 50 percent of growth inhibition to the azoles. Material and methods: Fifty yeast strains isolated between 1998 and 1999, from 17 adults and 33 children with invasive mycosis were studied. Susceptibility was determined by broth microdilution method with RPMI 1640 plus glucose 2 percent according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (1997). Results: The most frequently isolated strains were C albicans in 27 cases and C parapsilosis in 12. All isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B. According to the MICs obtained with 80 percent of inhibition, 12 strains had MICs considered as resistant to azoles. Five strains were resistant both to fluconazole and itraconazole. Considering MICs obtained with 50 percent of inhibition, only five strains were found resistant to azoles (p <0.05). Using this criterion, only one C glabrata strain was found to be simultaneously resistant to fluconazole and itraconazole. Conclusions: Similar results in the pattern of susceptibility of Candida spp to azoles, to those reported abroad, are obtained when the MIC is calculated using 50 percent inhibition
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Candida , Azoles , Candida , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Amphotericin BABSTRACT
Background: immune cells participate in the formation of atheromatous plate, however little is known about the effects of native or oxidatively modified lipoproteins on these cells. Aim: To study the effects of lipoproteins on in vitro mononuclear cell proliferation. Material and methods: peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from 10 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (aged 52 ñ 9 years old with a disease duration of 8.2 ñ 5.7 years and a mean glycosilated hemoglobin of 9.3 ñ 2.2 percent) and 10 non diabetic healthy controls (aged 50.3 ñ 7.1 years old). These were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) alone or in the presence of native LDLS, malondialdehyde modified LDLs or glycated LDLs. Proliferation was measured as 3H-thymidine incorporation and expressed as Stimulation Index (SI). Results: SI of patients and healthy subjects, after PHA stimulation were similar: (57.5 ñ 29.8 and 61.1 ñ 23.5) respectively LDLs did not induce proliferation in neither group. Native LDLs produced a 98 percent inhibition of PHA induced proliferation. Malondialdehyde modified and glycated LDLs caused a 50 percent inhibition. The suppressive effect was maintained when lipoproteins were incorporated to culture media 60 min prior or after PHA stimulation. Conclusions: Lipoproteins inhibit in vitro PHA induced peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation both in diabetic and in non diabetic subjects
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology , Immunosuppression Therapy , In Vitro Techniques , Lipoproteins, LDL/immunology , Phytohemagglutinins/pharmacology , Lymphoproliferative Disorders/immunology , Lymphocyte ActivationABSTRACT
Se estudió la distribución de las concentraciones séricas de colesterol total (CT), LDL-C, HDL-C y TG en una muestra de escolares de Concepción, Chile (6 a 15 aÑos; 326 hombres, 226 mujeres) y la prevalencia de valores considerados de riesgo. Los promedios de CT fueran 146 mg/dl en niños y 154 mg/dl en niñas; 9,1% de la población estudiada presentó valores entre 175 y 190 mg/dl y 10% , sobre 190 mg/dl. Los promedios de LDL-C fueron 83 y 89 mg/dl, respectivamente; 6% de blación presentó valores entre 130 y 159 mg/dl y 1,3% , valores sobre 160 mg/dl. Los promedios de HDL-C fueron 46 mg/dl para niños y 48 mg/dl para niñas. Los promedios de triglicéridos fueron 80 mg/dl en niños y 93 mg/dl en niñas. Se enfatiza en la importancia de las alteraciones lipídicas, precozmente encontradas y su implicancia a largo plazo